Fundamentals of Operating Systems
**Chapter 1 – Introduction to Operating Systems**
**Chapter 2 – System Architecture**
**Chapter 3 – Programs vs Processes**
**Chapter 4 – Process Execution (Fetch–Execute Cycle)**
**Chapter 6 – Data Section & Heap**
**Chapter 7 – Memory Management Basics**
**Chapter 8 – Physical Memory & DRAM**
**Chapter 9 – Virtual Memory**
**Chapter 10 – Paging, Page Tables & Swap**
**Chapter 11 – DMA (Direct Memory Access)**
**Chapter 12 – CPU Internals & Instruction Execution**
**Chapter 13 – Processes vs Threads**
**Chapter 14 – Context Switching**
**Chapter 15 – CPU Scheduling**
**Chapter 16 – Concurrency & Synchronization**